In a landmark move on April 22, 2025, U.S. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., alongside FDA Commissioner Dr. Marty Makary, unveiled a comprehensive plan to eliminate eight petroleum-based synthetic food dyes from the American food supply by the end of 2026. This initiative aims to address growing health concerns associated with these additives, particularly their potential impact on children’s health.
The Dyes Being Phased Out
The targeted synthetic dyes include:
- Red No. 3
- Red No. 40
- Yellow No. 5
- Yellow No. 6
- Blue No. 1
- Blue No. 2
- Green No. 3
- Citrus Red No. 2
These dyes are widely used in candies, cereals, beverages, baked goods, and snacks. The FDA has already initiated the process to revoke authorizations for Citrus Red No. 2 and Orange B, with a full ban on the remaining dyes expected by the end of 2026.
Health Concerns Driving the Ban
The decision is based on growing scientific evidence linking synthetic dyes to behavioral issues in children, such as hyperactivity, as well as potential long-term health risks. A 2007 study published in The Lancet associated certain dyes with increased hyperactivity in children. Some studies on animals have also linked these dyes to cancer and other health complications.
Although not all experts fully agree on the extent of the risk, most acknowledge that removing artificial dyes from food, especially those targeted at children, is a step in the right direction.
The Shift Toward Natural Colorants
To assist manufacturers in the transition, the FDA plans to authorize four new natural color additives in the coming weeks. Commonly considered alternatives include extracts from beet juice, carrot juice, butterfly pea flower, and red cabbage. Many of these alternatives are already used in products outside the U.S.
For example, Froot Loops cereal sold in Canada uses carrot and watermelon juice, while in the U.S., it has historically contained synthetic dyes.
Industry Response
Major food companies and trade groups such as the Consumer Brands Association have expressed willingness to adapt. W.K. Kellogg has pledged to eliminate artificial dyes from all cereals sold in schools and to avoid launching new products with these dyes from 2026 onwards.
Manufacturers are also collaborating with federal agencies to ensure a smoother transition and minimize supply chain disruptions.
What This Means for Consumers
The ban aims to provide consumers with greater transparency and promote healthier eating, particularly among children. Experts believe the removal of synthetic dyes could result in fewer behavioral issues and a lower risk of long-term health complications.
However, they also caution that this move is just one of many needed to tackle the broader problem of ultra-processed foods. The FDA and the Department of Health and Human Services have pledged to continue reviewing additional food additives and reformulating school lunch programs.
